Fall Prevention: 12 Steps to Prevent Falls | & what to do if you or someone else does fall

For seniors, one of the biggest dangers in daily life is simple: falling.

While falling may sound like it’s no big deal, it can be disastrous or even deadly for seniors.

Today, 1 out of every four seniors falls at least once a year, but few tell their doctors or loved ones. It gets even worse than that, though.

Each year, 2.8 million people over the age of 65 are treated in emergency rooms around the country for injuries stemming from falls and more than 800,000 seniors are hospitalized each year because of a fall-related injury. Falls currently rank as the leading cause of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in older adults and cost upward of $31 billion annually.

These are shocking statistics, and they make it clear that falling is a dangerous reality that affects thousands of seniors in the place they should be the safest: their own homes.

Luckily, there are proactive steps seniors, caregivers, and family members can take to prevent falls, and address them properly if they do happen.

Read on and learn some proven methods to ensure fall prevention.

12 Simple Ways to Prevent Falls in Seniors

Fall prevention is simple, and it can go a long way toward protecting the health and well-being of seniors everywhere. Get started with these 12 easy steps:

1. Make a doctor’s appointment

While falling has many causes, ranging from loss of balance and vision to weakness, falling can also be caused by medications, especially sedatives or antidepressants. With this in mind, the first step to preventing falls is to see your doctor about the medications you’re taking and the potential side effects of each drug.

In many cases, the doctor will be able to prescribe a medication with a lower fall risk or one that is less likely to interact with the other medications you currently take.

2. Get active on a daily basis

Balance and strength are both a “use it or lose it” thing, and seniors who give up physical activity often don’t have the stability or muscle definition to keep themselves from falling. Unfortunately, many seniors assume that staying active is impossible as an older person, and they give up things like walking, running, or yoga because of it.

Luckily, the activity you choose doesn’t have to be high-impact to unleash its benefits. Tai chi is a great option for activity, as is swimming. In fact, it doesn’t matter what you do, just so long as you do something every day to improve your coordination, strength, balance, and flexibility.

3. Wear sturdy, balanced footwear daily  

Certain types of shoes, like flimsy flip-flops or high heels, increase the risk of falling. With this in mind, ensure that the shoes you choose to wear are going to help your balance rather than harm it. For the best possible stability, choose sturdy, well-fitted shoes with non-skid soles.

4. Remove tripping hazards from your home

Sometimes, things in the home can increase the risk of falling and injuring yourself. Things like extension cords, plant stands, and loose rugs can trip you when you least expect it, while spilled liquids can create a dangerous situation.

With this in mind, remove tripping hazards from your home and remain vigilant about identifying and removing things that increase your fall risk in the future.

5. Keep your living space light and bright

Most of us have had the experience of stubbing our toe while getting out of bed in the dark, and it turns out that a dark or dimly lit environment can create a fall hazard for seniors, as well. Because of this, it’s critical to keep all living spaces well-lit. This allows you to spot fall hazards before they trip you up.

For some simple fixes around your home, add a nightlight to bedrooms and other key areas, and add lamps to dark or dim corners of the home.

6. Eat a healthy, well-rounded diet

Diet affects virtually everything we do, and getting around is no different. To ensure that you’re as healthy and balanced as possible, be sure that your diet contains adequate levels of nutrients.

While this may seem unrelated to falling, people who eat healthy diets are stronger and more able to complete everyday activities.

7. Stay hydrated

Dehydration can cause dizziness and fatigue, both of which increase your fall risk. With this in mind, ensure that you’re drinking adequate water every day, and pay attention to your hydration levels and how you’re feeling.

If you notice you’re thirsty, drink up! It will help you stay healthier, and decrease your fall risk, as well.

8. Consider using an assistive device

If you’re recovering from an injury, struggling with balance, or simply not as strong as you once were, an assistive device like a walker or a cane can work wonders in helping you get around. In addition to helping you balance, these simple tools can also help you navigate uneven terrain safely.

9. Install railings around the home

In areas where falls are common, like stairs and bathrooms, it’s smart to install railings to help you keep or regain your balance. These railings are especially useful in unideal circumstances, such as when the bathroom floor is wet, or the exterior steps are coated in ice.

10. Keep ice and snow at bay

Winter creates an environment that’s ripe for falls. Between the ice and the snow of the colder months, there are dozens of dangers that face seniors during the chilliest days of the year. To keep these things at bay, ensure that you’re taking proactive steps, like sprinkling de-icer on dangerous patches and keeping all walks clear of snow.

11. Always tie your shoelaces

While it sounds simple, one common cause of household falls is untied shoes. It doesn’t matter if you’re just walking to the dresser or the mailbox – you should always tie your shoelaces. A simple way to prevent falls, this tiny step can help you stay safe and upright.

12. Arrange the home to allow a clear pathway for movement

You’re more likely to fall if you’re navigating around furniture and accessories in the home, so it’s in your best interest to remove these things to create clear, uncluttered pathways.

What to do if you Fall

Even if you take all of the above steps, it’s impossible to guarantee that you won’t ever fall. With that in mind, here are some steps you should take if you do happen to suffer a fall:

  • Get up properly

If you fall, get up the right way by lying on your side, bending your top leg, and propping yourself up on an elbow. From there, use your upper body to pull yourself to the closest sturdy object (a dining table or banister, for example) and use this to help pull yourself up. Stand slowly, turn and sit down, and take a moment to rest before you stand up again.

  • Call for help

If you fall and you cannot get up, call for help. If you can reach a phone, dial 9-1-1. If you cannot reach a phone, call for help verbally, or make noise to attract a passerby’s attention.

  • See a doctor

Any time you fall, you should see a doctor. Even if the fall seemed minor, complications like fractures can fly under the radar for quite some time, and it’s important to consult your healthcare professional to make sure everything is okay.

While falling is a scary prospect, these 12 preventative steps can help you avoid it as much as possible, to stay healthy, safe, and strong throughout your senior years. 

 

10 Ways Knitting can Improve Your Overall Health

So you want to improve your health. What’s your first step? Maybe you get a gym membership or start power walking around the mall on rainy days. Maybe you purchase a few helpful diet books and start trying to incorporate more leafy greens into your meals. Maybe you take up yoga or tai chi. Those are all great efforts, but the answer to good health may be simpler than you think.
According to a recent article published by The New York Times, the simple act of knitting can provide some serious health benefits. And it’s less expensive than a gym membership.

Here’s what you need to know.

How knitting Can Improve Health and Wellbeing

Not convinced that picking up a pair of knitting needles can help you live longer and be happier? Here are the facts:

1. Knitting helps reduce stress

Knitting features a repetitive motion much like those found in yoga. As such, it offers many of the same relaxing benefits. While learning to complete the stitches can be difficult, at first, people who have zoomed past the learning curve typically find that knitting or crocheting can lower the heart rate, decrease the blood pressure, and reduce the amount of cortisol the body dumps into the bloodstream.

2. Knitting can boost self-esteem

There’s nothing quite like crafting an item from scratch to help you feel good about yourself. While yoga and meditation both provide some of the same relaxing benefits of knitting, knitting does something that neither of those pastimes does: it provides a tangible payoff in the form of a hat, scarf, or sweater.

For people with low self-esteem, seeing these things come together from nothing can be an incredibly rewarding experience, and simply looking at the things they’ve created can help boost confidence and provide a dose of happiness for dedicated knitters near and far.

3. Knitting can replace addictive habits

For people struggling to stop smoking or drinking, or to navigate the stress and anxiety caused by death in the family, knitting can be a massive help. Programs like prisons and schools regularly use craft-making activities like knitting to help calm anxious individuals and boost social skills, and people struggling with addiction have routinely found that the repetitive and calming act of knitting can go a long way toward replacing their addictive behavior. 

4. Knitting may help you control your weight

Thousands of people throughout the country eat out of boredom. Thousands more eat when they’re feeling stressed or lonely. Over time, these emotional eating habits can lead to severe weight gain, which has an adverse impact on the quality and enjoyment of life. Fortunately, craftwork of any type (including knitting) can help control these urges.

By putting the mind into something positive and constructive, like making something, it’s easier to avoid emotional food cravings and focus on eating only when you’re hungry, rather than when you’re simply stressed or afraid. 

This is a simple payoff, but it’s one that can work wonders to improve the quality of your life and health.

5. Knitting can help keep arthritis in the hands at bay

If you’ve noticed your hands beginning to get arthritis as you age, knitting can help. Because knitting requires small, repetitive movements of the hands, it helps the fingers and joints remain dexterous in the golden years, which can translate into increased daily comfort and fewer arthritis symptoms moving forward.

6. Knitting can lessen eating disorders

While this may seem like an outlandish benefit, a study conducted by the University of British Columbia in 2009 found that 38% of women (all of whom suffered from anorexia nervosa) found that knitting helped them manage the problem. 

What’s more, 74% of participants said that knitting helped them decrease their anxiety and keep their fears at bay. Because of this, knitting is often used in eating disorder treatment programs and can be ideal for people who have struggled with eating disorders in the past.

7. Knitting can decrease depression

If you’ve been feeling blue lately, knitting may be just the thing to help you. According to a study conducted by Betsan Corkhill, an England native, wellness coach, and founder of the “therapeutic knitting” site Stitchlinks, 54% of respondents in an informal survey said that knitting helped them feel happy or worked to alleviate their depression.

This may be due to the relaxing benefits of knitting, or to the fact that focusing on something positive makes it much harder to focus on negative, time-consuming thoughts.

8. Knitting can help manage chronic pain

Because knitting requires all of a person’s focus, it can decrease chronic pain and help the brain re-focus on the positive, thus reducing a person’s experience of pain. 

Because of this, and because it is a low-intensity activity, it can be ideal for individuals who have cancer or are coping with painful, chronic conditions.

9. Knitting can stave off the effects of cognitive decline

According to a 2011 study conducted by the Mayo Clinic, participating in cognitive activities like knitting and crocheting can help prevent or decrease the effects of cognitive decline. In the study, 1,321 people between the ages of 70 and 89 were evaluated and interviewed about the cognitive activities they participated in. The study determined that the seniors who engaged in craft making activities had lower rates of cognitive impairment and memory loss.

With this in mind, it’s clear that something as simple as knitting can go a long way toward improving mental health and staving off cognitive decline with age.

10. Knitting can help you be a part of a community

Multiple studies have shown that maintaining social relationships is critical as we age, and knitting is a great access point for doing this. By joining a knitting group, attending craft shows, and more, knitters can show off their wares and make new friends along the way.

The Case for Knitting

Simple, low-impact, and easy for virtually everyone to enjoy, knitting is a fantastic way for people to manage pain, feel happier, and stay active as they age. Plus, it’s an excellent way to produce some truly unique wearable items for yourself and your family!

 

 

4 Key Steps to Help You Prevent Arthritis

Arthritis is the most common disability in America and has been since the year 2000. Arthritis affects nearly 50% of people by age 85 and the rates are especially high for people who are overweight or have previous injuries.

Roughly 52.5 million people in the United States have some form of arthritis currently and by 2030 that number is projected to jump to over 67 million. Although it is rare, arthritis is not limited to older people: 294,000 children younger than 18 have some form of arthritis.

With those numbers in mind, it’s no secret that one of the most common difficulties of aging is arthritis. As people age, arthritis can set in and rob individuals of mobility and function, while also creating considerable pain and suffering. Fortunately, there are many ways to prevent arthritis and stay comfortable and healthy throughout your older years.

Arthritic Risk Factors

There are currently over 100 types of arthritis and all of them have a unique series of risk factors. Females are more prone to arthritis than men and a family history of arthritis raises the likelihood of developing the condition considerably. That said, many risk factors are completely modifiable and just because an individual is female or because there is a family history of arthritis does not mean that that individual will suffer from arthritis. There are many behaviors and preventive measures that can help you avoid arthritis, such as maintaining a healthy weight, eating a good diet, and not smoking.

Additionally, people who have had fewer sports injuries or surgeries are at lower risk of arthritis. Although true prevention is currently believed to be impossible, here are the things that can help reduce the risk of arthritis.

1) Maintaining a Healthy Weight

For people who are at a healthy weight, maintaining that weight may be one of the biggest factors in avoiding certain types of arthritis. When people are overweight, it puts excess strain on the weight-bearing joints and creates excess wear on delicate body mechanisms. Obese women are 4x as likely as women of a healthy weight to struggle with arthritis. Fortunately, weight loss of just 5% of an obese person’s total body weight can go a long way toward decreasing joint stress and can actually cut the risk of arthritis by 50%.

2) Exercising Often

When it comes to bone mass, it’s a “use it or lose it” kind of game. When the bones are not used for weight-bearing activities like walking, they slowly lose density, which is accompanied by weakening muscle mass and atrophy. These things increase the risk for arthritis and associated breaks and fractures. Exercises like isometric moves or walking can be fantastic for building and maintaining bone strength. Those already suffering from arthritis symptoms may find these activities painful, however, and may prefer activities like bicycling or swimming. Even if you already have arthritis, exercise is still important: according to the CDC, when adults with arthritis engage in moderate levels of physical activity three times or more per week, they can reduce the risk of increased pain and disability by 47%.

3) Avoid injuries and have existing ones treated immediately

If you’re one of the many people who suffered a joint injury during your younger days, you may be at increased risk for developing arthritis as you age. This is due to the fact that injuries to joints put joints at greater risk for stress, strain, and breakdown later. In fact, people who have injured their knees are three times more likely to suffer from arthritis in the injured knee later in life.

This statistic goes up if you have injured your joints as an adult. To avoid injuries, insure proper position when working out or lifting heavy objects, land with your knees bent if you need to jump, warm up and cool down after exercise, and always wear proper shoes when running or walking. If you have an existing joint injury, it is important to have it treated fully as soon as possible.

4) Eat a well-rounded diet

Although there is no designated diet that can completely prevent arthritis, there are certain nutrients that can help avoid it or reduce its severity. These nutrients are as follows:

  • Omega-3s: omega-3 fatty acids are found in high levels in fish oil, and plant and nut oils. These nutrients reduce inflammation and lubricate the joints as they move, cutting down on the friction that leads to the development or worsening of arthritis.
  • Vitamin C: Vitamin C can dramatically reduce the progression of arthritis if taken in doses of 120-200 milligrams per day. Vitamin C is present in green peppers, citrus fruits, tomatoes, broccoli, leafy greens, whit potatoes, melons, and strawberries. Talk to your doctor about having your vitamin C levels tested and supplementing with an over the counter vitamin C supplement if needed.
  • Vitamin D: Vitamin D has been shown to slow the progression of arthritis and help fortify bones to prevent fractures and breaks. Vitamin D is found in fatty fish, milk, cereal, and eggs. In sunny weather, vitamin D can be absorbed through sunlight but those who live in cloudy climates may need to supplement during the winter.

Preventing Arthritis 101: Why you Should Treat Symptoms Early

If you’ve been suffering from pain, stiffness, swelling, or loss of mobility in a joint for two weeks or more, seek your doctor as soon as possible. While these symptoms may seem small, they can be warning signs of arthritis and, if left untreated, can easily turn to full-blown arthritis very quickly.

While arthritis may not be completely preventable, it can be treated much easier with early diagnosis and treatment. This is because early treatment minimizes damage to joints. As arthritis progresses, damage to joints becomes more pronounced and, as the damage goes on, it becomes harder and harder to treat.

That said, those who receive treatment for arthritis early will have better outcomes and will likely be able to maintain more mobility.

Conclusion

While there is no way to prevent arthritis entirely, the above tips can help decrease your risk of developing arthritis wile also helping to stave off symptoms. In the event that arthritis is already established, there are several treatment options available. Pain relieving medications like NSAIDs or acetaminophen may be helpful and, in severe cases, some doctors may prescribe an antidepressant to help cope with musculoskeletal pain.

If you believe that you or a loved one may be suffering from arthritis, it’s wise to visit your doctor as soon as possible. Early treatment can help avoid joint pain and damage and help reverse certain symptoms. While you may not be able to completely prevent arthritis, these tips can help you reverse symptoms and cope with pain. While arthritis is a very common condition, it doesn’t have to decrease your quality of life as you age.

How Stretching can Help Prevent Injuries and Enhance Mobility

Have you ever noticed how we stretch ourselves when we have been motionless for a long time? For example how we intuitively stretch when we wake up or when we have been staring at our computers for too long. When we are inactive for some time, our muscles start getting stiff and blood flow slows down. Stretching helps loosen these muscles and increases the blood circulation, basically waking up both our mind and body. This is why we stretch as an instinct.

The same logic applies to our lives in general. Stretching helps us in remaining flexible as we age. It also helps in preventing injuries. Once stretched, our muscles relax and therefore, are less prone to injuries caused by shocks and jerks which happen during physical events like exercise, sports, or even during less active activities.

Advantages of stretching:

  1. It reduces tension in stiff muscles. Stretching relaxes the taut muscles and loosens them up. This eliminates the muscle tension- helping you avoid injuries and tiredness.
  2. Stretching increases blood circulation in the stretched area. Proper blood circulation keeps our muscles nourished and waste free. It also hastens recovery in muscle tissues.
  3. Increased blood circulation also makes people feel more energetic and happy. Stretching gives you a quick dose of energy.
  4. Stretching increases the range of movement in our joints and muscles. It keeps us flexible and mobile. If you stretch regularly, you will have no problems in bending over, running or lifting things. There will be no painful muscle pulls as your muscles will be habitual to flexing.
  5. It corrects our posture. If you stretch your body parts regularly and maintain symmetry, your posture will improve gradually. Correct posture solves a lot of pain problems like neck pain, back pain, shoulder pain etc.
  6. Stretching improves our flexibility and mobility and this in turn, improves our balance. This leads to less falls and stumbles as we age.
  7. It acts as a stress relief. When we are stressed, our muscles become taut and tense. Stretching relaxes and loosens up these muscles, helping us let go of the stress in process.

 

How to stretch:

  • Neck:

NeckStand straight and keep your feet flat. Your feet should be shoulder width apart. Now turn your head, slowly, to the right until you feel a slight stretch in your neck. It should be slightly uncomfortable but not painful. Remember- no tilting. Maintain the same position for 30-40 seconds. Repeat the process above for the left side too. Do this exercise for 4-5 times.

  • Shoulder and Upper Arms:

Shoulder and Upper ArmTake a towel in your left hand and throw it behind your back. Take your right hand behind your back and hold the other end of the towel. Keep your right hand loose. Now from your left hand, slowly pull your towel up. This will help you stretch the muscles in your shoulder and upper arms. Repeat the same by changing the position of left and right hands. Repeat it for 4 to 5 times.

  • Shoulder and Chest:

Shoulders and ChestStand straight and keep your feet flat, at shoulder width distance. Raise your arms at shoulder length and keep them straight. Now move your arms back slowly. It will feel like you are pushing your shoulder blades together or pushing your chest out. Do it till you feel a slight discomfort. Maintain the same position for at least 30 seconds. Repeat it 4-5 times.

  • Back:

BackSit up straight on a chair with an armrest. Keep your feet flat on ground. Now slowly turn your torso and head to the left, without moving your hips. Now hold the armrest with your left hand and your right hand on your left thigh. Do it till you feel a slight discomfort. Maintain the same position for at least 30 seconds. Now slowly turn to your right, hold the armrest with your right hand and keep your left hand on the right thigh. Repeat this 4-5 times.

  • Hips:

HipsGet on your knees. You can hold on a sturdy chair or bed to do this. Now place your left foot in front. Then place your right hand on your right hip and lean forward from your hips till you feel a slight discomfort. Don’t lean your torso forward. Keep your chest straight. Maintain the position for 30 seconds. Now go back to original position of being on your knees and bring the right foot forward. Repeat the process above with focus on your left side.

  • Calf:

CalfStand straight in front of a wall. Keep your feet flat and at shoulder width distance. Place your palms on the wall, at shoulder length and shoulder width apart. Now put your right foot forward and bend slowly at the knee. Keep bending till you feel a slight discomfort. Hold the position for at least 30 seconds. Repeat the process with other leg.

Precautions:

  1. Stretching is not a warm up. In fact, you need to warm up by doing a little jogging or power walking before you stretch.
  2. Slight discomfort is acceptable, sharp pain is not. If you feel regular pain in doing any of the stretches, talk with your physiotherapist or doctor.
  3. Don’t bounce. It causes injuries. Instead just maintain the position for at least 30 seconds.
  4. Don’t hold your breath.
  5. Maintain symmetry while stretching. This means that stretch both left and right sides of your body.